Specimen 6b/35-N8: Changes since 2049/10/02

Specimen 6b/35-N8, more commonlysometimes referred to as 6b, is a giant fungus known for being the world’s most massive and oldest living organism. Located in the Black Forest in Germany, the subterranean mycelium of Specimen 6b/35-N8 stretches over an area of 5,044 square km and is estimated to weigh as much as 400,000 tonnes.

Based on its current growth rate, Specimen 6b/35-N8 is estimated to be at least 11,000 years old. This hadhas made it the subject of ongoing environmental research, which has ledleading to the discovery of the unprecedented extent ofdebates and controversies surrounding Specimen 6b/35-N8’s supposed intelligence and ability to communicate. The publicity surrounding this discovery has made 6b into a worldwide cultural phenomenon, with appearances in various cartoons, memes, and parodies.

In 2049, Specimen 6b/35-N8 was attacked with a chemical agent, prompting the German government to pass an emergency order for the establishment of an armed cordon in and around the Black Forest.

DescriptionPermalink

Specimen 6b/35-N8 was first discovered in 2035 during an environmental survey in the Black Forest, Germany. A local conservation group noted that different mushrooms sprouting over a wide area were from the same genetic individual, with matching DNA sequences found more than 2,000 km apart.

The fruiting bodies of Specimen 6b/35-N8 were determined to have the outward appearance of other fungi, seemingly emulating the types of mushroom present in the surrounding area. Seven different appearance variations have been documented so far, including Cantharellus and Boletus edulis. It is believed that Specimen 6b/35-N8 remained undetected for so long because of this differing appearance in mushrooms, and because it does not damage the trees it connects to, unlike the “Humongous Fungus” discovered in the late 20th century.

Specimen 6b/35-N8 has an enormous and complex subterranean mycelium that is known to stretch across an area of 5,044 square km, almost the entirety of the Black Forest. The exact weight of the specimen is unknown, with estimates ranging between 302,500 and 460,000 tonnes. Based upon growth rate and environmental factors, Specimen 6b/35-N8 is believed to be at least 11,000 years old, making it the world’s oldest living organism.

TaxonomyPermalink

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The taxonomy of Specimen 6b/35-N8 is the subject of unresolved debate. Due to its unique characteristics, some mycologists argue that it represents a new taxonomic family, perhaps the only one of its kind. Others place Specimen 6b/35-N8 within the Armillaria genus due to its size and the dark rhizomorphs that can be observed on the trunks of trees. They argue that its advanced age and unusually high mutation rates have allowed it to diverge extensively, but that the ancestral spore originated from Armillaria.

Previous giant fungi discovered in the late 20th century were parasitic, acting as a destructive forest pathogen. In contrast, Specimen 6b/35-N8 has a symbiotic relationship with trees and woody plants. It has an independently evolved ectomycorrhizal relationship with the plants and trees in the area it covers. Despite extensive studies, it remains unclear how this symbiosis functions, with the leading theory likening the relationship to other mycorrhizal associations found between fungi and plants.

Environmental History ExperimentPermalink

In 2037, the Environmental History Experiment (EHE) was created by an interdisciplinary research team with the goal of documenting the history of the Black Forest, using methodologies informed by the extreme environmental turn in the humanities. ^[1] The EHE was described as:

A groundbreaking research project that seeks to correct for the human focus of history that has dominated the narratives written about our world for centuries. Using biological, environmental, geographical, and geological data, the team will treat these findings as a kind of oral history, one that allows our environment to “speak” for itself.

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The EHE was led by Theo Clement, with funding sourced from a number of institutions and grants, including the University of Cambridge. The additionalsubstantial backing of Zhupao enabled an adapted neural colloid to be introduced to Specimen 6b/35-N8, described as a way of gathering data and allow for the tracking of electrical signals.

In February 2038, the EHE released its initial findings, with many applauding the project’s ambitious interdisciplinary collaborations to a lukewarm academic reception. When Florence Smith Nicholls was asked about their thoughts on the EHE, they responded by saying that “there is certainly potential in this kind of research. However, the experiment’s methodology is an evolution of existing methods, rather than a revolution.” ^[2] The EHE closed in December 2039.

Communication with specimenPermalink

In March 2043, Clement released a statement claiming that he had started communicating with Specimen 6b/35-N8 through deep learning techniques applied to the data generated by the colloid used in the EHE. ^{[citation needed]}Clement’s findings continue to be a topic of debate, with the most notable critic being his former PhD studenthistorian and academic Rowan Xu.

The ongoing dispute between Clement and Xu culminated in the livestream of a debate between the two in 2048. Coordinated by the Royal Society and the Royal Historical Society, the debate had a peak viewership of 18.1 million people and lasted just under two hours, with Xu having walked away before the agreed finishing time. The Guardian wrote that Clement “displayedviewers were hoping for another Copleston-Russell debate, a charismameeting of minds that would tackle the concept of consciousness. Instead, they got a schoolyard throwdown of personal insults and command that only years of being bothaccusations. This was not an academic and a communicator can bringadversarial collaboration. It was reputation warfare.” ^[3]

Attack and protection orderPermalink

On August 3rd 2049, a toxic chemical agent was introduced to Specimen 6b/35-N8 at several of its fruiting sites in the Black Forest. The chemical agent was derived from a popular line of collocidals, indicating that the target was the colloid that had been administered to Specimen 6b/35-N8 as part of the EHE. The attack was ultimately unsuccessful, and the individual or group responsible has so far not been identified.

German authorities related the attack to confidential EHE documents leaked by Xu in January 2049, which revealed an unforeseena known consequence of the experiment that resulted in Specimen 6b/35-N8 interacting with the EHE colloid in a way that made the colloid an extension of itself. ^[4] Clement has criticised Xu for leaking this information, warning that they have “put 6b in grave danger” because ablating the colloid would also negatively affect Specimen 6b/35-N8, most likely resulting in its destruction.^{[citation needed]} Xu responded by stating that the purpose of the leak was to demonstrate “the extent of Clement’s hypocrisy when it comes to his concern for Specimen 6b/35-N8, and for the world to finally see the truth behind the propaganda.” ^[5]

After hearing testimonies from Clement and other experts, the German government passed an emergency protection order on August 6th 2049, establishing a security cordon around the entirety of the Black Forest, with armed police and drone curtains operating continuously.

ControversiesPermalink

Research methodsPermalink

A number of academics from various disciplines have questioned the validity of Clement’s claims of communication with Specimen 6b/35-N8, citing insufficient information in the details of the methodology as well as a lack of peer-reviewed academic publications on the process and its findings. ^[6] [7] Xu has stated that “the small, heavily curated clips and dialogues that have been released to the general public seem convincing in isolation, but they’re nothing more than propaganda that allows Zhupao to greenwash their colloids, and Clement to further his career while his bank account swells.” ^[8]

ReferencesPermalink